Fatal Outbreak: Europe's 'Parrot Fever' Claims Five Lives

Deadly Strain Hits Europe

A new infectious disease known as 'psittacosis', or 'parrot fever', has sparked a deadly outbreak in Europe, with reports indicating its spread across multiple European countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed the outbreak on Tuesday, stating that it first appeared in 2023 and has persisted into the early months of this year, resulting in the deaths of five individuals. Most cases reported exposure to wild or domestic birds.

In February 2024, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and The Netherlands notified the European Union's 'Early Warning and Response System' (EWRS) of a notable rise in psittacosis cases during 2023 and early 2024, with a significant uptick noted since November-December 2023.

What Is Psittacosis?

Chlamydia psittaci is a type of bacteria primarily infecting birds, but it can also affect humans, leading to psittacosis, which can range from mild illness to pneumonia. To prevent this disease, it's crucial to practice proper precautions when handling and cleaning birds and their cages. It's important to note that infected birds may not always show signs of sickness but can still shed the bacteria through breathing or excretion.

How Do Human Infections Occur?

As per the WHO, human infections primarily result from contact with secretions from infected birds, particularly affecting individuals who work with pet birds, poultry workers, veterinarians, pet bird owners, and gardeners in regions where C. psittaci is prevalent in the native bird population.

Transmission 

According to the WHO, C. psittaci is associated with over 450 avian species and has been found in various mammalian species including dogs, cats, horses, swine, and reptiles. However, pet birds such as psittacine birds, finches, canaries, and pigeons are the main source of human psittacosis. Transmission occurs mainly through inhaling airborne particles containing respiratory secretions, dried feces, or feather dust, and direct contact with birds is not required for infection.

Symptoms

Psittacosis is typically a mild illness with symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and a dry cough. Symptoms usually appear within 5 to 14 days after exposure to the bacteria. Prompt antibiotic treatment is effective and can prevent complications like pneumonia.